The SAT is America’s oldest, most widely used -- and misused -- college entrance exam. The SAT I is composed of two sections, Verbal and Math, each scored on a 200-800 point scale. The 138 questions are nearly exclusively multiple-choice; ten math questions require students to "grid in" the answer. By design, the test is "speeded" which means that many test takers are unable to finish all the questions. The SAT II, formerly "achievement tests", are one hour subject oriented exams, entirely in a multiple choice format (except for the SAT II "writing" test, which includes one 20-minute essay). The Educational Testing Service (ETS), under contract to the College Board, produces and administers all SAT tests.

 The test is designed to be independent of high school curricula (unlike the SAT's main competitor, the ACT). It now consists of analogies, sentence completion, reading comprehension, standard math and quantitative comparison items. The SAT I does not include advanced mathematics topics nor does it attempt to assess higher-order thinking or reasoning skills. Though a "Verbal" score is provided, test takers do not write a single word.

The SAT I is validated for just one purpose: predicting first-year college grades. It does not do even this very well. Testmakers acknowledge that high school grade-point average (GPA) or class rank are the best predictors of first-year grades, despite the huge variation among high schools and courses. The SAT I predicts other outcomes, such as graduation rates, even more poorly. As more colleges move away from using the SAT I for making admissions decisions, the testmakers are promoting its use for course placement purposes. However, studies show that the individual colleges' own exams are much more accurate tools for placing students.

SATII Subject Tests include more than 20 different tests focusing on specific disciplines or subjects, such as English, history and social sciences, mathematics, physical sciences, and foreign languages. Each subject test lasts one hour and consists entirely of multiple choice questions, except for the Writing Test, which has a 20-minute essay section in addition to a 40-minute multiple choice section.

The SAT is largely a test of verbal and math skills. Although, you need to know vocabulary and some formulas, it's primarily designed to measure how well you read and think rather than what you know.

SAT Subject Tests are different. These tests are designed to measure what you know about specific disciplines. Sure, critical reading and thinking skills play a part, but the main purpose of the Subject tests is to determine exactly what you know about writing, math, history, chemistry, and so on.

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